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Solution 4.4:7a

From Förberedande kurs i matematik 1

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If we examine the equation, we see that x only occurs as sinx and it can therefore be appropriate to take an intermediary step and solve for sinx, instead of trying to solve for x directly.

If we write t=sinx and treat t as a new unknown variable, the equation becomes

2t2+t=1

and it is expressed completely in terms of t. This is a normal quadratic equation; after dividing by 2, we complete the square on the left-hand side,

t2+21t21=t+41241221=t+412916

and then obtain the equation

t+412=916 

which has the solutions t=41916=4143 , i.e.

t=41+43=21andt=4143=1.


Because t=sinx, this means that the values of x that satisfy the equation in the exercise will necessarily satisfy one of the basic equations sinx=21 or sinx=1.


sinx=21:

This equation has the solutions \displaystyle x = \pi/6 and \displaystyle x = \pi - \pi/6 = 5\pi/6 in the unit circle and the general solution is

\displaystyle x = \frac{\pi}{6}+2n\pi\qquad\text{and}\qquad x = \frac{5\pi}{6}+2n\pi\,,

where n is an arbitrary integer.


\displaystyle \sin x = -1:

The equation has only one solution \displaystyle x = 3\pi/2 in the unit circle, and the general solution is therefore

\displaystyle x = \frac{3\pi}{2} + 2n\pi\,,

where n is an arbitrary integer.


All of the solution to the equation are given by

\displaystyle \left\{\begin{align}

x &= \pi/6+2n\pi\,,\\[5pt] x &= 5\pi/6+2n\pi\,,\\[5pt] x &= 3\pi/2+2n\pi\,, \end{align}\right.

where n is an arbitrary integer.